Country: Gibraltar (dependent territory of the UK) - Geography Total area: 6.5 km2; land area: 6.5 km2 Comparative area: about 11 times the size of The Mall in Washington, DC Land boundaries: 1.2 km with Spain Coastline: 12 km Maritime claims: Continental shelf: 200 meters or to depth of exploitation; Exclusive fishing zone: 3 nm; Territorial sea: 3 nm Disputes: source of occasional friction between Spain and the UK Climate: Mediterranean with mild winters and warm summers Terrain: a narrow coastal lowland borders The Rock Natural resources: negligible Land use: 0% arable land; 0% permanent crops; 0% meadows and pastures; 0% forest and woodland; 100% other Environment: natural freshwater sources are meager so large water catchments (concrete or natural rock) collect rain water Note: strategic location on Strait of Gibraltar that links the North Atlantic Ocean and Mediterranean Sea - People Population: 29,572 (July 1990), growth rate 0.1% (1990) Birth rate: 18 births/1,000 population (1990) Death rate: 8 deaths/1,000 population (1990) Net migration rate: - 8 migrants/1,000 population (1990) Infant mortality rate: 6 deaths/1,000 live births (1990) Life expectancy at birth: 72 years male, 78 years female (1990) Total fertility rate: 2.4 children born/woman (1990) Nationality: noun--Gibraltarian; adjective--Gibraltar Ethnic divisions: mostly Italian, English, Maltese, Portuguese, and Spanish descent Religion: 75% Roman Catholic, 8% Church of England, 2.25% Jewish Language: English and Spanish are primary languages; Italian, Portuguese, and Russian also spoken; English used in the schools and for official purposes Literacy: 99% (est.) Labor force: about 14,800 (including non-Gibraltar laborers); UK military establishments and civil government employ nearly 50% of the labor force Organized labor: over 6,000 - Government Long-form name: none Type: dependent territory of the UK Capital: Gibraltar Administrative divisions: none (colony of the UK) Independence: none (colony of the UK) Constitution: 30 May 1969 Legal system: English law National holiday: Commonwealth Day (second Monday of March), 12 March 1990 Executive branch: British monarch, governor, chief minister, Gibraltar Council, Council of Ministers (cabinet) Legislative branch: unicameral House of Assembly Judicial branch: Supreme Court, Court of Appeal Leaders: Chief of State--Queen ELIZABETH II (since 6 February 1952), represented by Governor and Commander in Chief Air Chief Marshal Sir Peter TERRY (since NA 1985); Head of Government--Chief Minister Joe BOSSANO (since NA March 1988) Political parties and leaders: Socialist Labor Party (SL), Joe Bossano; Gibraltar Labor Party/Association for the Advancement of Civil Rights (GCL/AACR), Adolfo Canepa; Independent Democratic Party, Joe Pitaluga Suffrage: universal at age 18, plus other UK subjects resident six months or more Elections: House of Assembly: last held on 24 March 1988 (next to be held March 1992); results--percent of vote by party NA; seats--(18 total, 15 elected) SL 8, GCL/AACR 7 Communists: negligible Other political or pressure groups: Housewives Association, Chamber of Commerce, Gibraltar Representatives Organization Diplomatic representation: none (colony of the UK) Flag: two horizontal bands of white (top, double-width) and red with a three-towered red castle in the center of the white band; hanging from the castle gate is a gold key centered in the red band - Economy Overview: The economy depends heavily on British defense expenditures, revenue from tourists, fees for services to shipping, and revenues from banking and finance activities. Because more than 70% of the economy is in the public sector, changes in government spending have a major impact on the level of employment. Construction workers are particularly affected when government expenditures are cut. GNP: $129 million, per capita $4,450; real growth rate NA% (FY85) Inflation rate (consumer prices): 4.4% (1986) Unemployment rate: NA% Budget: revenues $105 million; expenditures $104 million, including capital expenditures of NA (FY87) Exports: $62.2 million (1985); commodities--(principally reexports) petroleum 75%, beverages and tobacco 12%, manufactured goods 8%; partners--UK, Morocco, Portugal, Netherlands, Spain, US, FRG Imports: $147 million (1985); commodities--manufactured goods, fuels, and foodstuffs; partners--UK, Morocco, Portugal, Netherlands, Spain, US, FRG External debt: $NA Industrial production: growth rate NA% Electricity: 46,000 kW capacity; 200 million kWh produced, 6,770 kWh per capita (1989) Industries: tourism, banking and finance, construction, commerce; support to large UK naval and air bases; transit trade and supply depot in the port; light manufacturing of tobacco, roasted coffee, ice, mineral waters, candy, beer, and canned fish Agriculture: NA Aid: US commitments, including Ex-Im (FY70-87), $0.8 million; Western (non-US) countries, ODA and OOF bilateral commitments (1970-87), $162.5 million Currency: Gibraltar pound (plural--pounds); 1 Gibraltar pound (LG) = 100 pence Exchange rates: Gibraltar pounds (LG) per US$1--0.6055 (January 1990), 0.6099 (1989), 0.5614 (1988), 0.6102 (1987), 0.6817 (1986), 0.7714 (1985); note--the Gibraltar pound is at par with the British pound Fiscal year: 1 July-30 June - Communications Railroads: 1.000-meter-gauge system in dockyard area only Highways: 50 km, mostly good bitumen and concrete Ports: Gibraltar Merchant marine: 45 ships (1,000 GRT or over) totaling 2,126,060 GRT/4,189,948 DWT; includes 10 cargo, 2 refrigerated cargo, 1 container, 16 petroleum, oils, and lubricants (POL) tanker, 1 chemical tanker 1 combination oil/ore, 1 liquefied gas, 13 bulk; note--a flag of convenience registry Civil air: 1 major transport aircraft Airports: 1 with permanent-surface runway 1,220-2,439 m Telecommunications: adequate international radiocommunication facilities; automatic telephone system with 10,500 telephones; stations--1 AM, 6 FM, 4 TV; 1 Atlantic Ocean INTELSAT earth station - Defense Forces Note: defense is the responsibility of the UK