Country: Angola - Geography Total area: 1,246,700 km2; land area: 1,246,700 km2 Comparative area: slightly less than twice the size of Texas Land boundaries: 5,198 km total; Congo 201 km, Namibia 1,376 km, Zaire 2,511 km, Zambia 1,110 km Coastline: 1,600 km Maritime claims: Exclusive fishing zone: 200 nm; Territorial sea: 20 nm Disputes: civil war since independence on 11 November 1975 Climate: semiarid in south and along coast to Luanda; north has cool, dry season (May to October) and hot, rainy season (November to April) Terrain: narrow coastal plain rises abruptly to vast interior plateau Natural resources: petroleum, diamonds, iron ore, phosphates, copper, feldspar, gold, bauxite, uranium Land use: 2% arable land; NEGL% permanent crops; 23% meadows and pastures; 43% forest and woodland; 32% other Environment: locally heavy rainfall causes periodic flooding on plateau; desertification Note: Cabinda is separated from rest of country by Zaire - People Population: 8,534,483 (July 1990), growth rate 2.9% (1990) Birth rate: 47 births/1,000 population (1990) Death rate: 20 deaths/1,000 population (1990) Net migration rate: 2 migrants/1,000 population (1990) Infant mortality rate: 158 deaths/1,000 live births (1990) Life expectancy at birth: 42 years male, 46 years female (1990) Total fertility rate: 6.7 children born/woman (1990) Nationality: noun--Angolan(s); adjective--Angolan Ethnic divisions: 37% Ovimbundu, 25% Kimbundu, 13% Bakongo, 2% Mestico, 1% European Religion: 47% indigenous beliefs, 38% Roman Catholic, 15% Protestant (est.) Language: Portuguese (official); various Bantu dialects Literacy: 41% Labor force: 2,783,000 economically active; 85% agriculture, 15% industry (1985 est.) Organized labor: about 450,695 (1980) - Government Long-form name: People's Republic of Angola Type: Marxist people's republic Capital: Luanda Administrative divisions: 18 provinces (provincias, singular--provincia); Bengo, Benguela, Bie, Cabinda, Cuando Cubango, Cuanza Norte, Cuanza Sul, Cunene, Huambo, Huila, Luanda, Lunda Norte, Lunda Sul, Malanje, Moxico, Namibe, Uige, Zaire Independence: 11 November 1975 (from Portugal) Constitution: 11 November 1975; revised 7 January 1978 and 11 August 1980 Legal system: based on Portuguese civil law system and customary law, but being modified along socialist lines National holiday: Independence Day, 11 November (1975) Executive branch: president, chairman of the Council of Ministers, Council of Ministers (cabinet) Legislative branch: unicameral National People's Assembly Judicial branch: Supreme Court (Tribunal da Relacao) Leaders: Chief of State and Head of Government--President Jose Eduardo dos SANTOS (since 21 September 1979) Political parties and leaders: only party--Popular Movement for the Liberation of Angola-Labor Party (MPLA-Labor Party), Jose Eduardo dos Santos; National Union for the Total Independence of Angola (UNITA), lost to the MPLA with Cuban military support in immediate postindependence struggle, now carrying out insurgency Suffrage: universal adult at age NA Elections: none held to date Member of: ACP, AfDB, CCC, FAO, G-77, GATT (de facto), ICAO, IFAD, ILO, IMO, INTELSAT, ITU, NAM, OAU, SADCC, UN, UNESCO, UNICEF, UPU, WFTU, WHO, WMO Diplomatic representation: none Flag: two equal horizontal bands of red (top) and black with a centered yellow emblem consisting of a five-pointed star within half a cogwheel crossed by a machete (in the style of a hammer and sickle) - Economy Overview: Subsistence agriculture provides the main livelihood for 80-90% of the population, but accounts for only 10-20% of GDP. Oil production is the most lucrative sector of the economy, contributing about 50% to GDP. In recent years, however, the impact of fighting an internal war has severely affected the economy and food has to be imported. GDP: $5.0 billion, per capita $600; real growth rate 9.2% (1988 est.) Inflation rate (consumer prices): NA% Unemployment rate: NA% Budget: revenues NA; expenditures $2.7 billion, including capital expenditures of NA (1986 est.) Exports: $2.9 billion (f.o.b., 1989 est.); commodities--oil, coffee, diamonds, sisal, fish and fish products, timber, cotton; partners--US, USSR, Cuba, Portugal, Brazil Imports: $2.5 billion (f.o.b., 1989 est.); commodities--capital equipment (machinery and electrical equipment), food, vehicles and spare parts, textiles and clothing, medicines; substantial military deliveries; partners--US, USSR, Cuba, Portugal, Brazil External debt: $3.0 billion (1989) Industrial production: growth rate NA% Electricity: 506,000 kW capacity; 770 million kWh produced, 90 kWh per capita (1989) Industries: petroleum, mining (phosphate rock, diamonds), fish processing, brewing, tobacco, sugar, textiles, cement, food processing, building construction Agriculture: cash crops--coffee, sisal, corn, cotton, sugar, manioc, tobacco; food crops--cassava, corn, vegetables, plantains, bananas, and other local foodstuffs; disruptions caused by civil war and marketing deficiencies require food imports Aid: US commitments, including Ex-Im (FY70-88), $263 million; Western (non-US) countries, ODA and OOF bilateral commitments (1970-87), $903 million; Communist countries (1970-88), $1.3 billion Currency: kwanza (plural--kwanza); 1 kwanza (Kz) = 100 lwei Exchange rates: kwanza (Kz) per US$1--29.62 (fixed rate since 1976) Fiscal year: calendar year - Communications Railroads: 3,189 km total; 2,879 km 1.067-meter gauge, 310 km 0.600-meter gauge; limited trackage in use because of insurgent attacks; sections of the Benguela Railroad closed because of insurgency Highways: 73,828 km total; 8,577 km bituminous-surface treatment, 29,350 km crushed stone, gravel, or improved earth, remainder unimproved earth Inland waterways: 1,295 km navigable Pipelines: crude oil, 179 km Ports: Luanda, Lobito, Namibe, Cabinda Merchant marine: 12 ships (1,000 GRT or over) totaling 66,348 GRT/102,825 DWT; includes 11 cargo, 1 petroleum, oils, and lubricants (POL) tanker Civil air: 27 major transport aircraft Airports: 317 total, 184 usable; 28 with permanent-surface runways; 1 with runways over 3,659 m; 12 with runways 2,440-3,659 m; 60 with runways 1,220-2,439 m Telecommunications: fair system of wire, radio relay, and troposcatter routes; high frequency used extensively for military/Cuban links; 40,300 telephones; stations--17 AM, 13 FM, 2 TV; 2 Atlantic Ocean INTELSAT earth stations - Defense Forces Branches: Army, Navy, Air Force/Air Defense; paramilitary forces--People's Defense Organization and Territorial Troops, Frontier Guard, Popular Vigilance Brigades Military manpower: males 15-49, 2,049,295; 1,030,868 fit for military service; 90,877 reach military age (18) annually Defense expenditures: NA