Country:  Andorra
- Geography
Total area: 450 km2; land area: 450 km2
 
Comparative area: slightly more than 2.5 times the size of Washington, DC
 
Land boundaries: 125 km total; France 60 km, Spain 65 km
 
Coastline: none--landlocked
 
Maritime claims: none--landlocked
 
Climate: temperate; snowy, cold winters and cool, dry summers
 
Terrain: rugged mountains dissected by narrow valleys
 
Natural resources: hydropower, mineral water, timber,
iron ore, lead
 
Land use: 2% arable land; 0% permanent crops; 56% meadows and pastures;
22% forest and woodland; 20% other
 
Environment: deforestation, overgrazing
 
Note: landlocked
 
- People
Population: 51,895 (July 1990), growth rate 2.6% (1990)
 
Birth rate: 12 births/1,000 population (1990)
 
Death rate: 4 deaths/1,000 population (1990)
 
Net migration rate: 18 migrants/1,000 population (1990)
 
Infant mortality rate: 7 deaths/1,000 live births (1990)
 
Life expectancy at birth: 74 years male, 81 years female (1990)
 
Total fertility rate: 1.3 children born/woman (1990)
 
Nationality: noun--Andorran(s); adjective--Andorran
 
Ethnic divisions: Catalan stock; 61% Spanish, 30% Andorran, 6% French, 3%
other
 
Religion: virtually all Roman Catholic
 
Language: Catalan (official); many also speak some French and Castilian
 
Literacy: 100%
 
Labor force: NA
 
Organized labor: none
 
- Government
Long-form name: Principality of Andorra
 
Type: unique coprincipality under formal sovereignty of president of
France and Spanish bishop of Seo de Urgel, who are represented locally by
officials called verguers
 
Capital: Andorra la Vella
 
Administrative divisions: 7 parishes (parroquies,
singular--parroquia); Andorra, Canillo, Encamp, La Massana,
Les Escaldes, Ordino, Sant Julia de Loria
 
Independence: 1278
 
Constitution: none; some pareatges and decrees, mostly custom and usage
 
Legal system: based on French and Spanish civil codes; no judicial review
of legislative acts; has not accepted compulsory ICJ jurisdiction
 
National holiday: Mare de Deu de Meritxell, 8 September
 
Executive branch: two co-princes (president of France, bishop of
Seo de Urgel in Spain), two designated representatives (French veguer,
Episcopal veguer), two permanent delegates (French prefect for the department
of Pyrenees-Orientales, Spanish vicar general for the Seo de Urgel diocese),
president of government, Executive Council
 
Legislative branch: unicameral General Council of the Valleys (Consell
General de las Valls)
 
Judicial branch: civil cases--Supreme Court of Andorra at Perpignan
(France) or the Ecclesiastical Court of the bishop of Seo de Urgel (Spain);
criminal cases--Tribunal of the Courts (Tribunal des Cortes)
 
Leaders:
Chiefs of State--French Co-Prince Francois MITTERRAND (since 21 May
1981), represented by Veguer de Franca Louis DEBLE; Spanish Episcopal
Co-Prince Mgr. Joan MARTI y Alanis (since 31 January 1971), represented
by Veguer Episcopal Francesc BADIA Batalla;
 
Head of Government--Josep PINTAT Solans (since NA 1984)
 
Political parties and leaders: political parties not yet legally
recognized; traditionally no political parties but partisans for
particular independent candidates for the General Council on the basis of
competence, personality, and orientation toward Spain or France; various small
pressure groups developed in 1972; first formal political party, Andorran
Democratic Association, was formed in 1976 and reorganized in 1979 as
Andorran Democratic Party
 
Suffrage: universal at age 18
 
Elections:
General Council of the Valleys--last held 11 December 1989
(next to be held December 1993);
results--percent of vote NA;
seats--(28 total) number of seats by party NA
 
Communists: negligible
 
Member of: CCC, UNESCO
 
Diplomatic representation: Andorra has no mission in the US;
US--includes Andorra within the Barcelona (Spain) Consular District and
the US Consul General visits Andorra periodically; Consul General Ruth A. DAVIS;
Consulate General at Via Layetana 33, Barcelona 3, Spain (mailing
address APO NY 09286); telephone p34o (3) 319-9550
 
Flag: three equal vertical bands of blue (hoist side), yellow, and red
with the national coat of arms centered in the yellow band; the coat of arms
features a quartered shield; similar to the flag of Chad which does not have a
national coat of arms in the center; also similar to the flag of Romania which
has a national coat of arms featuring a mountain landscape below a red
five-pointed star and the words REPUBLICA SOCIALISTA ROMANIA at the bottom
 
- Economy
Overview: The mainstay of Andorra's economy is tourism. An estimated
12 million tourists visit annually, attracted by Andorra's duty-free
status and by its summer and winter resorts. Agricultural production is limited
by a scarcity of arable land, and most food has to be imported. The
principal livestock activity is sheep raising. Manufacturing consists mainly of
cigarettes, cigars, and furniture. The rapid pace of European economic
integration is a potential threat to Andorra's advantages from its
duty-free status.
 
GNP: $NA, per capita $NA; real growth rate NA%
 
Inflation rate (consumer prices): NA%
 
Unemployment rate: NA%
 
Budget: revenues $NA; expenditures $NA, including capital expenditures of
$NA
 
Exports: $0.017 million (f.o.b., 1986);
commodities--electricity; partners--France, Spain
 
Imports: $531 million (f.o.b., 1986); commodities--NA;
partners--France, Spain
 
External debt: $NA
 
Industrial production: growth rate NA%
 
Electricity: 35,000 kW capacity; 140 million kWh produced,
2,800 kWh per capita (1989)
 
Industries: tourism (particularly skiing), sheep, timber, tobacco,
smuggling, banking
 
Agriculture: sheep raising; small quantities of tobacco, rye, wheat,
barley, oats, and some vegetables
 
Aid: none
 
Currency: French franc (plural--francs) and Spanish peseta
(plural--pesetas); 1 French franc (F) = 100 centimes and 1 Spanish peseta
(Pta) = 100 centimos
 
Exchange rates: French francs (F) per US$1--5.7598 (January 1990),
6.3801 (1989), 5.9569 (1988), 6.0107 (1987), 6.9261 (1986), 8.9852 (1985);
Spanish pesetas (Ptas) per US$1--109.69 (January 1990), 118.38 (1989),
116.49 (1988), 123.48 (1987), 140.05 (1986), 170.04 (1985)
 
Fiscal year: calendar year
 
- Communications
Highways: 96 km
 
Telecommunications: international digital microwave network; international
landline circuits to France and Spain; stations--1 AM, no FM, no TV; 17,700
telephones
 
- Defense Forces
Note: defense is the responsibility of France and Spain